VFA Mixed Practice Test #232

Question 1

Pattupattu:

Accepted Answer

Sangam literature — Tamil Sangam era (influenced Kerala).

Answer

Malayalam

Answer

Kalari text

Answer

Food

Question 2

The functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine, is known as the:

Accepted Answer

B. Nephron — The nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing essential substances, and excreting waste products to form urine. The ureter transports urine from the kidney to the bladder, which stores urine. The glomerulus is a capillary network within the nephron, responsible for the initial filtration step.

Answer

A. Ureter

Answer

C. Bladder

Answer

D. Glomerulus

Question 3

Mars called:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

Red Planet — Red Planet (iron oxide surface).‌​‍

Answer

Morning Star

Answer

Blue Planet

Answer

Evening Star

Question 4

Voltaire's famous quote defending free speech: 'I disagree with what you say but I will defend…'

Accepted Answer

Your right to say it, to the death — Voltaire's iconic paraphrase: 'I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.'

Answer

My beliefs

Answer

The truth

Answer

The state

Question 5

In the body's primary extracellular fluid buffer system, which pair of components works together to swiftly neutralize excess acids or bases, thereby maintaining blood pH within a narrow range?

Accepted Answer

B. Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions — The bicarbonate buffer system, consisting of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), is the most important extracellular buffer for maintaining blood pH. It can rapidly neutralize both acids and bases. Hemoglobin and plasma proteins are also buffers, and phosphate/ammonia are important renal buffers, but the bicarbonate system is the primary extracellular one. Sodium and chloride are electrolytes, not buffers.

Answer

A. Hemoglobin and plasma proteins

Answer

C. Phosphate and ammonia

Answer

D. Sodium and chloride

Question 6

Unsustainable sand mining from the riverbeds of Kerala's major rivers poses significant environmental and socio-economic challenges. From an ecological and hydrological perspective, which of the following represents the most critical direct impact of excessive sand extraction on the riverine ecosystem and surrounding areas?

Accepted Answer

B. Lowering of the riverbed and water table, resulting in reduced groundwater recharge, destabilization of riverbanks, and exposure of bridge foundations. — Excessive sand mining directly lowers the riverbed. This lowering causes a corresponding drop in the water table of the surrounding areas, reducing groundwater recharge and affecting wells. It also destabilizes riverbanks, leading to erosion, and exposes the foundations of bridges and other riverine infrastructure, compromising their structural integrity.

Answer

A. Alteration of the river's natural meandering pattern, leading to increased flood risk in upstream regions.

Answer

C. Enhanced deposition of silt and clay downstream, causing blockages in irrigation canals and reduction in reservoir capacities.

Answer

D. Increased salinity intrusion into freshwater aquifers in coastal belts due to a decrease in the overall volume of river water.

Question 7

Slope of line through (x₁,y₁) and (x₂,y₂):

Accepted Answer

(y₂-y₁)/(x₂-x₁) — Rise over run. Parallel lines: equal slopes. Perpendicular: product = -1.

Answer

y₂-y₁

Answer

x₂-x₁

Answer

y/x

Question 8

A manufacturing unit aims to produce a standardized herbal extract of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera). What is the most appropriate approach for standardization to ensure consistent therapeutic efficacy?

Accepted Answer

C. Quantifying specific active marker compounds like Withanolides. — For ensuring consistent therapeutic efficacy of a herbal extract, standardization based on the quantification of specific active marker compounds (e.g., Withanolides in Ashwagandha) is crucial. While uniform color, ash content, and microbial absence are important for overall quality control, they do not directly guarantee the presence and concentration of the compounds responsible for the drug's therapeutic action.

Answer

A. Ensuring uniform color and odor of the extract batch.

Answer

B. Standardizing the extract based on the percentage of total ash content.

Answer

D. Verifying the absence of microbial contamination in the final product.

Question 9

Human digestive enzyme that breaks starch into maltose in mouth:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase (ptyalin) — Optimum pH 6.8. ‌​‍Inactivated in stomach's acidic environment. Pancreatic amylase continues digestion in duodenum.

Answer

Pepsin

Answer

Trypsin

Answer

Lipase

Question 10

Author of Balyakalasakhi:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

Basheer — Vaikom Muhammad Basheer.‌​‍

Answer

MT

Answer

Thakazhi

Answer

Changampuzha

VFA Mixed Practice Test #232