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Foundation beginner LGS 2026 General Science Quick Revision Last Grade Servants
LGS 2026: Top 100 General Science Facts — SSLC Level Revision
100 most-asked science facts for Kerala PSC Last Grade Servants exam. Vitamins, diseases, SI units, scientists, inventions, human body basics — all in quick-revision tables.
Relevant for: Last Grade Servants, LGS
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— 100 most-asked science facts for Kerala PSC Last Grade Servants exam. Vitamins, diseases, SI units, scientists, inventions, human body basics — all in quick-revision tables.
#LGS 2026
#General Science
#Quick Revision
#Last Grade Servants
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SSLC-level science facts for the LGS exam on April 26, 2026. Expect 8-10 science questions. Pure memorisation — no calculations needed.
Vitamins — The Most Asked Topic
| Vitamin | Chemical Name | Source | Deficiency Disease |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A | Retinol | Carrot, milk, fish oil | Night blindness, Xerophthalmia |
| Vitamin B1 | Thiamine | Cereals, pulses | Beriberi |
| Vitamin B2 | Riboflavin | Milk, eggs, green vegetables | Cheilosis (cracked lips) |
| Vitamin B3 | Niacin | Meat, groundnut | Pellagra |
| Vitamin B5 | Pantothenic acid | Meat, eggs, milk | Burning feet syndrome |
| Vitamin B6 | Pyridoxine | Meat, fish, banana | Anaemia |
| Vitamin B7 | Biotin | Eggs, nuts | Dermatitis |
| Vitamin B9 | Folic Acid | Green leafy vegetables | Megaloblastic anaemia |
| Vitamin B12 | Cyanocobalamin | Meat, fish, eggs | Pernicious anaemia |
| Vitamin C | Ascorbic Acid | Citrus fruits, amla | Scurvy |
| Vitamin D | Calciferol | Sunlight, fish oil | Rickets (children), Osteomalacia (adults) |
| Vitamin E | Tocopherol | Vegetable oils, nuts | Sterility |
| Vitamin K | Phylloquinone | Green leafy vegetables | Delayed blood clotting |
| Key Vitamin Facts | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fat-soluble vitamins | A, D, E, K |
| Water-soluble vitamins | B complex, C |
| Vitamin synthesised by sunlight | Vitamin D |
| Anti-sterility vitamin | Vitamin E |
| Anti-haemorrhagic vitamin | Vitamin K |
Common Diseases and Causes
| Disease | Caused By | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Malaria | Plasmodium (mosquito-borne) | Protozoan |
| Dengue | Dengue virus (Aedes mosquito) | Viral |
| Chikungunya | Chikungunya virus (Aedes mosquito) | Viral |
| Typhoid | Salmonella typhi | Bacterial |
| Cholera | Vibrio cholerae | Bacterial |
| Tuberculosis (TB) | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Bacterial |
| Tetanus | Clostridium tetani | Bacterial |
| Rabies | Rabies virus (dog/animal bite) | Viral |
| COVID-19 | SARS-CoV-2 | Viral |
| AIDS | HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) | Viral |
| Ringworm | Fungi (Dermatophytes) | Fungal |
| Athlete’s foot | Fungi | Fungal |
| Diabetes | Insulin deficiency | Metabolic |
| Anaemia | Iron deficiency | Nutritional |
| Goitre | Iodine deficiency | Nutritional |
| Kwashiorkor | Protein deficiency | Nutritional |
| Marasmus | Protein-calorie deficiency | Nutritional |
| Disease Vector | Answer |
|---|---|
| Malaria mosquito | Female Anopheles |
| Dengue mosquito | Aedes aegypti |
| Plague | Rat flea |
| Sleeping sickness | Tsetse fly |
| Kala-azar | Sand fly |
SI Units
| Quantity | SI Unit | Symbol |
|---|---|---|
| Length | Metre | m |
| Mass | Kilogram | kg |
| Time | Second | s |
| Temperature | Kelvin | K |
| Electric current | Ampere | A |
| Luminous intensity | Candela | cd |
| Amount of substance | Mole | mol |
| Other Important Units | Answer |
|---|---|
| Force | Newton (N) |
| Energy/Work | Joule (J) |
| Power | Watt (W) |
| Pressure | Pascal (Pa) |
| Electric charge | Coulomb (C) |
| Voltage | Volt (V) |
| Resistance | Ohm |
| Frequency | Hertz (Hz) |
| Speed of light | 3 x 10^8 m/s |
| Acceleration due to gravity | 9.8 m/s^2 |
Human Body Basics
| Organ/System | Key Fact |
|---|---|
| Largest organ | Skin |
| Smallest bone | Stapes (ear) |
| Largest bone | Femur (thigh) |
| Total bones in adult | 206 |
| Total bones in baby | ~300 |
| Total muscles | ~600 |
| Blood groups | A, B, AB, O |
| Universal donor | O negative |
| Universal recipient | AB positive |
| Normal body temperature | 37 degrees C (98.6 degrees F) |
| Normal BP | 120/80 mmHg |
| Pumping organ | Heart |
| Number of chambers in heart | 4 |
| Largest gland | Liver |
| Largest endocrine gland | Thyroid |
| Master gland | Pituitary gland |
| Largest cell in human body | Ovum (egg cell) |
| Smallest cell in human body | Sperm (male) / RBC (excluding reproductive) |
| RBC lifespan | 120 days |
| WBC lifespan | 13-20 days |
| Total chromosomes | 46 (23 pairs) |
| Blood volume in adult | ~5 litres |
Scientists and Their Discoveries/Inventions
| Scientist | Discovery/Invention |
|---|---|
| Isaac Newton | Laws of Motion, Gravity |
| Albert Einstein | Theory of Relativity (E=mc^2) |
| Thomas Edison | Practical electric light bulb, phonograph |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Telephone |
| Wright Brothers | Aeroplane |
| Marie Curie | Radioactivity (Radium, Polonium) |
| Alexander Fleming | Penicillin (first antibiotic) |
| Louis Pasteur | Pasteurisation; Rabies vaccine |
| Edward Jenner | Smallpox vaccine |
| Charles Darwin | Theory of Evolution (Natural Selection) |
| Gregor Mendel | Laws of Heredity (Genetics) |
| William Harvey | Blood circulation |
| J.C. Bose | Crescograph (plant growth measurement) |
| C.V. Raman | Raman Effect (Nobel Prize 1930) |
| Homi Bhabha | Father of Indian Nuclear Programme |
| Vikram Sarabhai | Father of Indian Space Programme |
| A.P.J. Abdul Kalam | Missile Man of India |
| Srinivasa Ramanujan | Mathematical genius |
| James Watt | Improved steam engine |
| Michael Faraday | Electromagnetic induction |
| Galileo Galilei | Telescope (astronomical use); heliocentric proof |
| Johannes Gutenberg | Printing press |
Physics Basics
| Concept | Key Fact |
|---|---|
| Speed formula | Distance / Time |
| Newton’s 1st Law | Object at rest stays at rest (Inertia) |
| Newton’s 2nd Law | Force = Mass x Acceleration |
| Newton’s 3rd Law | Every action has equal and opposite reaction |
| Gravity | Pulls objects towards Earth’s centre |
| Sound travels fastest in | Solids |
| Sound cannot travel through | Vacuum |
| Light travels fastest in | Vacuum |
| Speed of sound in air | ~343 m/s |
| Reflection | Bouncing of light |
| Refraction | Bending of light |
| Rainbow colours (VIBGYOR) | Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red |
| Convex lens | Converges light (magnifying glass) |
| Concave lens | Diverges light (used in myopia correction) |
| Myopia (short-sightedness) | Concave lens corrects |
| Hypermetropia (long-sightedness) | Convex lens corrects |
Chemistry Basics
| Concept | Key Fact |
|---|---|
| pH of pure water | 7 (neutral) |
| Acidic pH | Below 7 |
| Basic/Alkaline pH | Above 7 |
| Smallest particle of element | Atom |
| Smallest particle of compound | Molecule |
| Chemical formula of water | H2O |
| Chemical formula of salt | NaCl |
| Chemical formula of carbon dioxide | CO2 |
| Rusting | Iron + Oxygen + Moisture = Iron oxide |
| Photosynthesis | CO2 + Water + Sunlight = Glucose + O2 |
| Hardest natural substance | Diamond |
| Most abundant gas in atmosphere | Nitrogen (78%) |
| Second most abundant | Oxygen (21%) |
| Ozone layer | Protects from UV rays; in stratosphere |
| Ozone depleting substance | CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) |
| Noble/Inert gases | Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon |
| Lightest element | Hydrogen |
| Lightest metal | Lithium |
| Most abundant element in Earth’s crust | Oxygen |
| Most abundant metal in Earth’s crust | Aluminium |
Biology Basics
| Concept | Key Fact |
|---|---|
| Basic unit of life | Cell |
| Cell discovered by | Robert Hooke (1665) |
| Powerhouse of the cell | Mitochondria |
| Control centre of cell | Nucleus |
| Plant cell wall made of | Cellulose |
| Photosynthesis pigment | Chlorophyll (green) |
| Photosynthesis occurs in | Chloroplast |
| Respiration gas taken in | Oxygen |
| Respiration gas given out | Carbon dioxide |
| DNA full form | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| RNA full form | Ribonucleic Acid |
| Father of Genetics | Gregor Mendel |
| Father of Taxonomy | Carolus Linnaeus |
| Study of birds | Ornithology |
| Study of insects | Entomology |
| Study of fungi | Mycology |
| Study of snakes | Ophiology |
Space and Environment
| Fact | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nearest planet to Sun | Mercury |
| Largest planet | Jupiter |
| Smallest planet | Mercury |
| Red Planet | Mars |
| Morning/Evening Star | Venus |
| Planet with rings | Saturn |
| Earth’s natural satellite | Moon |
| Planet nearest to Earth | Venus |
| Time for Earth to orbit Sun | 365.25 days |
| Time for Earth to rotate on axis | 24 hours |
| Rotation causes | Day and Night |
| Revolution causes | Seasons |
| Greenhouse gases | CO2, Methane, Water vapour, N2O |
| Global warming caused by | Increase in greenhouse gases |
| Renewable energy sources | Solar, Wind, Hydro, Biomass |
| Non-renewable energy sources | Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas |
Important Days Related to Science
| Day | Date |
|---|---|
| National Science Day | 28 February (Raman Effect) |
| World Environment Day | 5 June |
| World Health Day | 7 April |
| World AIDS Day | 1 December |
| Earth Day | 22 April |
| Ozone Day | 16 September |
| National Technology Day | 11 May |
| World Water Day | 22 March |
Tip: Vitamins-diseases table is the single highest-yield science topic for LGS. If you memorise nothing else, memorise that table. Scientists-inventions is the second most asked.
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